|
TENSE
|
ACTIVE
|
PASSIVE
|
|
Simple
Present
|
S + V1 +
S/es + O
(Tom cleans
the room)
|
O + to be +
V2 + by + S
(The room
is cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Simple Past
|
S + V2 + O
(Tom
cleaned the room)
|
O + to be +
V3 + by + S
(The room
was cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Simple Future
|
S + will +
V1 + O
(Tom will
clean the room)
|
O + will +
be + V3 + by + S
(The room
will be cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Present
Continues tense
|
S + to be +
V.ing + O
(Tom is
cleaning the room)
|
O + to be + being + V3 + by + S
(The room
is being cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Past Continues
|
S + to be
(past) + V.ing + O
(Tom was
cleaning the room)
|
O + to be(past) +being + V3 + by +
S
(The room
was being cleaned by tom)
|
|
Future continues
|
S + will be
+ V.ing + O
(Tom will
be cleaning the room)
|
O + will be + being + V3 + by + S
(The room
will be being cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Present perfect
|
S +
have/has + V3 + O
(Tom has
cleaned the room)
|
O + have/has + been + V3 + by + S
(The room
has been cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Past perfect
|
S + had +
V3 + O
(Tom had
cleaned the room)
|
O + had + been + V3 + by + S
(The room
had been cleaned by Tom)
|
|
Future Perfect
|
S + will +
have + V3 + O
(Tom will
have cleaned the room)
|
O + will + have + been + V3 + by +
S
(The room will have been cleaned by
Tom)
|
Formulas:
CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE
S + WILL + V1 + O
Type 1
-If + Simple present, + Simple future
Ex: If I learn about English, I will pass the exam
Type 2
- If + Simple past + Past future
Ex: If I cooked rice, I would eat rice
Simple present (-) Ayu doesn’t There’s
not / They is not
Simple past (-) Ayu didn’t
They didn’t
SHE
(-) DID/NOT
THEY
Type 3
-If + Simple past perfect, + Past perfect future
Ex: If I had loved her, I would have married her.
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
-
Superlative ( The most + Adjective / The
Adjective test )
-
Comparative ( More than + Adjective /
Adjective – er )
-
Positive ( As + Adjective + As )
Example :
1. Management is
the most interesting lesson in the world
2. Economy is
the funnest thing in my life
3. The need of
survive is more reasonable than the need of grow
Management is easier than economy
4. The English
as easier as management examination
Syllable > 2 : The most/more beautiful
Adjective: Superlative
Syllable < 2 : She’s uglier than ..
PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
Formula 1 : (+) S + have/has + v3 + since/for + time
(-) S + have/has + not + v1 + since/fot
Ex: Tody has walked for 2 hours.
Formula 2 : (+) S + have/has + been + adv + since/for + time
(-) S + have/has not + been + adv + since/for
= time
Ex: Macbeth has been here for 3 years.
Note:
She, He, It : Has
I, You, We, They : Have
|
Simple
present tense
|
Present
perfect tense
|
|
Meaning:
Have/has
-
punya / mempunyai
|
Meaning :
Have/has
-
Telah / suda
|
Ex: I have Harry Potter novel chapter 3
Ex: I have run my bicycle for 3 hours
SIMPLE
FUTURE TENSE
Model 1 : (+) S + will +
V1 + O
(-) S + will + not + V1 + O
(?) Will + S + V1 + O ?
Ex: Britney will love Brad
Model 2 : (+) S + Will +
be + adj/adv + O
(-) S
+ will + not + be + adv + O
(?)
Will + S + be + adj/adv + O ?
Ex: Jeremy and jery will be handsome in his hand.
GLOBAL MARKET
Characteristic of perfect market:
1. Perfect market information
2. No participant with market power to set prices
3. No intervention by goverments
4. No barries to entri or exit
5. Equal access to factors of production
6. Profit maximization
7. No externalities
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